128 civics questions and answers (2025 test)

1. What is the form of government of the United States?

• Republic
• Constitution-based federal republic
• Representative democracy

The United States is a republic, meaning citizens elect representatives to govern and make laws.

2. What is the supreme law of the land?*

• (U.S.) Constitution

The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. It establishes the structure of the federal government and is the highest legal authority in the United States.

3. Name one thing the U.S. Constitution does.

• Forms the government
• Defines powers of government
• Defines the parts of government
• Protects the rights of the people

The Constitution forms the government, defines its powers and parts, and protects the rights of the people. Any one of those is an acceptable answer.

4. The U.S. Constitution starts with the words “We the People.” What does “We the People” mean?

• Self-government
• Popular sovereignty
• Consent of the governed
• People should govern themselves
• (Example of) social contract

“We the People” means self-government: the government gets its authority from the people.

5. How are changes made to the U.S. Constitution?

• Amendments
• The amendment process

Changes to the U.S. Constitution are made through amendments. An amendment is usually proposed by a two-thirds vote of Congress and then ratified by three-fourths of the states; an executive order, a court ruling, or a simple national vote cannot change the Constitution.

6. What does the Bill of Rights protect?

• (The basic) rights of Americans
• (The basic) rights of people living in the United States

The Bill of Rights protects the basic rights and freedoms of the people. It is the first ten amendments to the Constitution (ratified in 1791) and limits the government's power over individuals.

7. How many amendments does the U.S. Constitution have?*

• Twenty-seven (27)

The U.S. Constitution has twenty-seven amendments. The first ten are the Bill of Rights, ratified in 1791; the most recent, the 27th Amendment, was ratified in 1992.

8. Why is the Declaration of Independence important?

• It says America is free from British control.
• It says all people are created equal.
• It identifies inherent rights.
• It identifies individual freedoms.

The Declaration of Independence announced that America is free from British control and stated that all people are created equal, with inherent rights and individual freedoms. Naming any one of those ideas is enough.

9. What founding document said the American colonies were free from Britain?

• Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence said the American colonies were free from Britain. It formally declared the colonies’ separation from British rule.

10. Name two important ideas from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

• Equality
• Liberty
• Social contract
• Natural rights
• Limited government
• Self-government

Equality and liberty are two important ideas from the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution.

11. The words “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” are in what founding document?

• Declaration of Independence

The phrase “Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness” appears in the Declaration of Independence. It expresses the idea that people have inherent rights that government should respect.

12. What is the economic system of the United States?*

• Capitalism
• Free market economy

The United States has a free market economy, also described as capitalism. Private ownership, competition, prices, and consumer choice play major roles in economic decisions.

13. What is the rule of law?

• Everyone must follow the law.
• Leaders must obey the law.
• Government must obey the law.
• No one is above the law.

The rule of law means that laws apply to everyone, including citizens, leaders, and the government itself.

14. Many documents influenced the U.S. Constitution. Name one.

• Declaration of Independence
• Articles of Confederation
• Federalist Papers
• Anti-Federalist Papers
• Virginia Declaration of Rights
• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Mayflower Compact
• Iroquois Great Law of Peace

Several earlier documents shaped the Constitution, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Federalist Papers, the Mayflower Compact, and the Iroquois Great Law of Peace. Name one.

15. There are three branches of government. Why?

• So one part does not become too powerful
• Checks and balances
• Separation of powers

The three branches create checks and balances so one part of government does not become too powerful.

16. Name the three branches of government.

• Legislative, executive, and judicial
• Congress, president, and the courts

The three branches of government are legislative, executive, and judicial. The legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch carries them out, and the judicial branch interprets them.

17. The President of the United States is in charge of which branch of government?

• Executive branch

The President is in charge of the executive branch. The executive branch carries out and enforces federal laws.

18. What part of the federal government writes laws?

• (U.S.) Congress
• (U.S. or national) legislature
• Legislative branch

Congress writes federal laws through the legislative process.

19. What are the two parts of the U.S. Congress?

• Senate and House (of Representatives)

The two parts of the U.S. Congress are the Senate and the House of Representatives. Together they form the legislative branch that writes federal laws.

20. Name one power of the U.S. Congress.*

• Writes laws
• Declares war
• Makes the federal budget

Congress writes laws, declares war, and makes the federal budget. Any one of those powers is an acceptable answer.

21. How many U.S. senators are there?

• One hundred (100)

There are one hundred U.S. senators. Each state has two senators, and there are fifty states, so the total is 100.

22. How long is a term for a U.S. senator?

• Six (6) years

A U.S. senator serves a six-year term. Longer Senate terms give senators more stability than members of the House, who serve two-year terms.

23. Who is one of your state’s U.S. senators now?

• Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents and residents of U.S. territories should answer that D.C. (or the territory where the applicant lives) has no U.S. senators.]

Every state elects two U.S. senators, and the names change with elections. Look up your state's current senators before your interview and answer with one who is serving at that time.

24. How many voting members are in the House of Representatives?

• Four hundred thirty-five (435)

There are four hundred thirty-five voting members in the House of Representatives. House seats are divided among the states based on population.

25. How long is a term for a member of the House of Representatives?

• Two (2) years

A member of the House of Representatives serves a two-year term. This short term keeps representatives closely accountable to voters in their districts.

26. Why do U.S. representatives serve shorter terms than U.S. senators?

• To more closely follow public opinion

U.S. representatives serve shorter terms to more closely follow public opinion. Because House members face election every two years, voters can respond quickly to their decisions.

27. How many senators does each state have?

• Two (2)

Each state has two senators. This gives every state equal representation in the Senate, regardless of population.

28. Why does each state have two senators?

• Equal representation (for small states)
• The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)

Each state has two senators to provide equal representation in the Senate.

29. Name your U.S. representative.

• Answers will vary. [Residents of territories with nonvoting Delegates or Resident Commissioners may provide the name of that Delegate or Commissioner. Also acceptable is any statement that the territory has no (voting) representatives in Congress.]

Your representative depends on where you live. Find your current U.S. representative on house.gov before your interview and answer with that name.

30. What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?*

• Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.

This answer changes with elections and appointments. Answer with the person serving at the time of your interview, and check the USCIS test updates page shortly before your appointment.

31. Who does a U.S. senator represent?

• Citizens of their state
• People of their state

A U.S. senator represents the people of their state.

32. Who elects U.S. senators?

• Citizens from their state

Citizens from their state elect U.S. senators. Senators are chosen by voters statewide, not by one congressional district.

33. Who does a member of the House of Representatives represent?

• Citizens in their (congressional) district
• Citizens in their district
• People from their (congressional) district
• People in their district

A member of the House of Representatives represents people in their congressional district.

34. Who elects members of the House of Representatives?

• Citizens from their (congressional) district

Citizens from their congressional district elect members of the House of Representatives. House elections connect representatives directly to voters in local districts.

35. Some states have more representatives than other states. Why?

• (Because of) the state’s population
• (Because) they have more people
• (Because) some states have more people

Some states have more representatives because House seats are based on population.

36. The President of the United States is elected for how many years?*

• Four (4) years

The President of the United States is elected for four years. Presidential elections are held every four years.

37. The President of the United States can serve only two terms. Why?

• (Because of) the 22nd Amendment
• To keep the president from becoming too powerful

The President can serve only two terms because of the 22nd Amendment.

38. What is the name of the President of the United States now?*

• Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the President of the United States.

This answer changes with elections and appointments. Answer with the person serving at the time of your interview, and check the USCIS test updates page shortly before your appointment.

39. What is the name of the Vice President of the United States now?*

• Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Vice President of the United States.

This answer changes with elections and appointments. Answer with the person serving at the time of your interview, and check the USCIS test updates page shortly before your appointment.

40. If the president can no longer serve, who becomes president?

• The Vice President (of the United States)

If the president can no longer serve, the Vice President becomes president. This rule keeps executive leadership continuous during death, resignation, removal, or incapacity.

41. Name one power of the president.

• Signs bills into law
• Vetoes bills
• Enforces laws
• Commander in Chief (of the military)
• Chief diplomat
• Appoints federal judges

The president signs bills into law, vetoes bills, enforces laws, serves as Commander in Chief, acts as chief diplomat, and appoints federal judges. Name one.

42. Who is Commander in Chief of the U.S. military?

• The President (of the United States)

The President is Commander in Chief of the U.S. military. This gives the elected civilian President ultimate authority over the armed forces, while Congress controls war powers and funding.

43. Who signs bills to become laws?

• The President (of the United States)

The President signs bills to become laws. After Congress passes a bill, the President may sign it, veto it, or in some cases allow it to become law without a signature.

44. Who vetoes bills?*

• The President (of the United States)

The President vetoes bills. A veto is one check on Congress because it rejects a bill passed by the legislature, although Congress can override a veto with enough votes.

45. Who appoints federal judges?

• The President (of the United States)

The President appoints federal judges, including Supreme Court justices, with Senate confirmation. This is one way the executive and legislative branches share power over the judiciary.

46. The executive branch has many parts. Name one.

• President (of the United States)
• Cabinet
• Federal departments and agencies

The executive branch includes the President, the Cabinet, and the federal departments and agencies. Any one of those parts is an acceptable answer.

47. What does the President’s Cabinet do?

• Advises the President (of the United States)

The President’s Cabinet advises the President. Cabinet members lead major executive departments and help the President make decisions about policy and administration.

48. What are two Cabinet-level positions?

• Attorney General
• Secretary of Agriculture
• Secretary of Commerce
• Secretary of Education
• Secretary of Energy
• Secretary of Health and Human Services
• Secretary of Homeland Security
• Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
• Secretary of the Interior
• Secretary of Labor
• Secretary of State
• Secretary of Transportation
• Secretary of the Treasury
• Secretary of Veterans Affairs
• Secretary of War (Defense)
• Vice-President
• Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
• Administrator of the Small Business Administration
• Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
• Director of the Office of Management and Budget
• Director of National Intelligence
• United States Trade Representative

Secretary of State and Attorney General are Cabinet-level positions. Cabinet-level officials lead major departments or senior offices that advise the President.

49. Why is the Electoral College important?

• It decides who is elected president.
• It provides a compromise between the popular election of the president and congressional selection.

The Electoral College is important because it decides who is elected president.

50. What is one part of the judicial branch?

• Supreme Court
• Federal Courts

The Supreme Court is one part of the judicial branch.

51. What does the judicial branch do?

• Reviews laws
• Explains laws
• Resolves disputes (disagreements) about the law
• Decides if a law goes against the (U.S.) Constitution

The judicial branch reviews and explains laws, resolves disputes, and decides whether a law goes against the Constitution. Any one of those duties is an acceptable answer.

52. What is the highest court in the United States?*

• Supreme Court

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. It has the final authority to interpret federal law and the U.S. Constitution in cases before it.

53. How many seats are on the Supreme Court?

• Nine (9)

There are nine seats on the Supreme Court. The Court consists of one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices when all seats are filled.

54. How many Supreme Court justices are usually needed to decide a case?

• Five (5)

Five Supreme Court justices are usually needed to decide a case because a majority of the nine-member Court controls the decision.

55. How long do Supreme Court justices serve?

• (For) life
• Lifetime appointment
• (Until) retirement

Supreme Court justices serve for life, unless they retire, resign, or are removed through impeachment. Lifetime service is intended to protect judges from short-term political pressure.

56. Supreme Court justices serve for life. Why?

• To be independent (of politics)
• To limit outside (political) influence

Supreme Court justices serve for life to be independent of politics.

57. Who is the Chief Justice of the United States now?

• Visit uscis.gov/citizenship/testupdates for the name of the Chief Justice of the United States.

This answer changes with elections and appointments. Answer with the person serving at the time of your interview, and check the USCIS test updates page shortly before your appointment.

58. Name one power that is only for the federal government.

• Print paper money
• Mint coins
• Declare war
• Create an army
• Make treaties
• Set foreign policy

Only the federal government can print paper money, mint coins, declare war, create an army, make treaties, and set foreign policy. Name one.

59. Name one power that is only for the states.

• Provide schooling and education
• Provide protection (police)
• Provide safety (fire departments)
• Give a driver’s license
• Approve zoning and land use

Only the states provide schooling and education, protection (police), safety (fire departments), driver's licenses, and zoning approval. Name one.

60. What is the purpose of the 10th Amendment?

• (It states that the) powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people.

The 10th Amendment says that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states or to the people. It is an important part of federalism because it limits federal power and reserves other powers outside the national government.

61. Who is the governor of your state now?*

• Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. does not have a governor.]

Each state elects its own governor, and the name changes with elections. Check your state government's website for the current governor before your interview.

62. What is the capital of your state?

• Answers will vary. [District of Columbia residents should answer that D.C. is not a state and does not have a capital. Residents of U.S. territories should name the capital of the territory.]

Answer with the capital city of the state where you live. The answer changes from state to state, so make sure you know yours.

63. There are four amendments to the U.S. Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.

• Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote).
• You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote.
• Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.)
• A male citizen of any race (can vote).

Four amendments deal with who can vote: citizens 18 and older can vote, you do not have to pay a poll tax to vote, any citizen can vote (women and men), and a male citizen of any race can vote. Describing any one is enough.

64. Who can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States?

• Citizens
• Citizens of the United States
• U.S. citizens

Citizens can vote in federal elections, run for federal office, and serve on a jury in the United States. These are rights and responsibilities tied to U.S. citizenship.

65. What are three rights of everyone living in the United States?

• Freedom of expression
• Freedom of speech
• Freedom of assembly
• Freedom to petition the government
• Freedom of religion
• The right to bear arms

Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to bear arms are rights of everyone living in the United States.

66. What do we show loyalty to when we say the Pledge of Allegiance?*

• The United States
• The flag

When saying the Pledge of Allegiance, people show loyalty to the flag.

67. Name two promises that new citizens make in the Oath of Allegiance.

• Give up loyalty to other countries
• Defend the (U.S.) Constitution
• Obey the laws of the United States
• Serve in the military (if needed)
• Serve (help, do important work for) the nation (if needed)
• Be loyal to the United States

New citizens promise to defend the U.S. Constitution and be loyal to the United States.

68. How can people become United States citizens?

• Be born in the United States, under the conditions set by the 14th Amendment
• Naturalize
• Derive citizenship (under conditions set by Congress)

There are three paths to citizenship: being born in the United States under the 14th Amendment, naturalizing, or deriving citizenship under conditions set by Congress. Name one.

69. What are two examples of civic participation in the United States?

• Vote
• Run for office
• Join a political party
• Help with a campaign
• Join a civic group
• Join a community group
• Give an elected official your opinion (on an issue)
• Contact elected officials
• Support or oppose an issue or policy
• Write to a newspaper

Voting and helping with a campaign are examples of civic participation.

70. What is one way Americans can serve their country?

• Vote
• Pay taxes
• Obey the law
• Serve in the military
• Run for office
• Work for local, state, or federal government

Americans can serve their country by voting, paying taxes, obeying the law, serving in the military, running for office, or working for government. Any one of these is acceptable.

71. Why is it important to pay federal taxes?

• Required by law
• All people pay to fund the federal government
• Required by the (U.S.) Constitution (16th Amendment)
• Civic duty

Paying federal taxes is required by law and by the Constitution (16th Amendment). It is also a civic duty, and everyone pays to fund the federal government. Any one of those reasons is acceptable.

72. It is important for all men age 18 through 25 to register for the Selective Service. Name one reason why.

• Required by law
• Civic duty
• Makes the draft fair, if needed

Registering for the Selective Service is required by law, is a civic duty, and makes the draft fair if one is ever needed. Any one of those reasons is acceptable.

73. The colonists came to America for many reasons. Name one.

• Freedom
• Political liberty
• Religious freedom
• Economic opportunity
• Escape persecution

Colonists came to America for freedom, political liberty, religious freedom, economic opportunity, or to escape persecution. Any one of these is acceptable.

74. Who lived in America before the Europeans arrived?*

• American Indians
• Native Americans

Native Americans lived in America before Europeans arrived. Many different Native peoples and nations already had societies, cultures, governments, and trade networks across the continent. British colonists, European settlers, and Spanish explorers all came with or after the Europeans.

75. What group of people was taken and sold as slaves?

• Africans
• People from Africa

Africans were taken and sold as slaves. The transatlantic slave trade forcibly brought millions of people from Africa to the Americas and became central to the system of slavery in the colonies.

76. What war did the Americans fight to win independence from Britain?

• American Revolution
• The (American) Revolutionary War
• War for (American) Independence

Americans fought the American Revolutionary War to win independence from Britain. The war followed years of conflict over colonial rights, taxation, and British rule.

77. Name one reason why the Americans declared independence from Britain.

• High taxes
• Taxation without representation
• British soldiers stayed in Americans’ houses (boarding, quartering)
• They did not have self-government
• Boston Massacre
• Boston Tea Party (Tea Act)
• Stamp Act
• Sugar Act
• Townshend Acts
• Intolerable (Coercive) Acts

Acceptable answers include high taxes, taxation without representation, British soldiers staying in Americans' houses, lack of self-government, and specific events such as the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and the Stamp Act. Name one.

78. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?*

• (Thomas) Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence. The document explained why the colonies were separating from Britain and stated important ideas about liberty and natural rights.

79. When was the Declaration of Independence adopted?

• July 4, 1776

The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4, 1776. This date marks the formal approval of the document by the Continental Congress and is celebrated as Independence Day.

80. The American Revolution had many important events. Name one.

• (Battle of) Bunker Hill
• Declaration of Independence
• Washington Crossing the Delaware (Battle of Trenton)
• (Battle of) Saratoga
• Valley Forge (Encampment)
• (Battle of) Yorktown (British surrender at Yorktown)

Important events of the American Revolution include the Battle of Bunker Hill, the Declaration of Independence, Washington crossing the Delaware, Saratoga, Valley Forge, and the British surrender at Yorktown. Name one.

81. There were 13 original states. Name five.

• New Hampshire
• Massachusetts
• Rhode Island
• Connecticut
• New York
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• Delaware
• Maryland
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Georgia were five of the 13 original states.

82. What founding document was written in 1787?

• (U.S.) Constitution

The U.S. Constitution was written in 1787 at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. It replaced the Articles of Confederation with a stronger federal framework.

83. The Federalist Papers supported the passage of the U.S. Constitution. Name one of the writers.

• (James) Madison
• (Alexander) Hamilton
• (John) Jay
• Publius

The Federalist Papers were written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay under the shared pen name Publius. Any one of those names is an acceptable answer.

84. Why were the Federalist Papers important?

• They helped people understand the (U.S.) Constitution.
• They supported passing the (U.S.) Constitution.

The Federalist Papers were important because they supported passing the U.S. Constitution. The essays explained the proposed Constitution and argued why the states should ratify it.

85. Benjamin Franklin is famous for many things. Name one.

• Founded the first free public libraries
• First Postmaster General of the United States
• Helped write the Declaration of Independence
• Inventor
• U.S. diplomat

Benjamin Franklin founded the first free public libraries, was the first Postmaster General, helped write the Declaration of Independence, and was an inventor and U.S. diplomat. Name one.

86. George Washington is famous for many things. Name one.*

• “Father of Our Country”
• First president of the United States
• General of the Continental Army
• President of the Constitutional Convention

George Washington is the Father of Our Country: the first president, General of the Continental Army, and president of the Constitutional Convention. Any one of these is acceptable.

87. Thomas Jefferson is famous for many things. Name one.

• Writer of the Declaration of Independence
• Third president of the United States
• Doubled the size of the United States (Louisiana Purchase)
• First Secretary of State
• Founded the University of Virginia
• Writer of the Virginia Statute on Religious Freedom

Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, was the third president, doubled the size of the country with the Louisiana Purchase, and was the first Secretary of State. Name one.

88. James Madison is famous for many things. Name one.

• “Father of the Constitution”
• Fourth president of the United States
• President during the War of 1812
• One of the writers of the Federalist Papers

James Madison is the Father of the Constitution: the fourth president, president during the War of 1812, and one of the writers of the Federalist Papers. Any one of these is acceptable.

89. Alexander Hamilton is famous for many things. Name one.

• First Secretary of the Treasury
• One of the writers of the Federalist Papers
• Helped establish the First Bank of the United States
• Aide to General George Washington
• Member of the Continental Congress

Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury, one of the writers of the Federalist Papers, helped establish the First Bank of the United States, and served as an aide to General Washington. Name one.

90. What territory did the United States buy from France in 1803?

• Louisiana Territory
• Louisiana

The United States bought the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803. The Louisiana Purchase greatly expanded the size of the country and opened large areas west of the Mississippi River to U.S. control.

91. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1800s.

• War of 1812
• Mexican-American War
• Civil War
• Spanish-American War

The United States fought several wars in the 1800s: the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, and the Spanish-American War. Name one.

92. Name the U.S. war between the North and the South.

• The Civil War

The U.S. war between the North and the South was the Civil War. It was fought from 1861 to 1865 between the Union and the Confederate states.

93. The Civil War had many important events. Name one.

• (Battle of) Fort Sumter
• Emancipation Proclamation
• (Battle of) Vicksburg
• (Battle of) Gettysburg
• Sherman’s March
• (Surrender at) Appomattox
• (Battle of) Antietam/Sharpsburg
• Lincoln was assassinated.

Important Civil War events include Fort Sumter, the Emancipation Proclamation, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, Sherman's March, the surrender at Appomattox, Antietam, and Lincoln's assassination. Name one.

94. Abraham Lincoln is famous for many things. Name one.*

• Freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation)
• Saved (or preserved) the Union
• Led the United States during the Civil War
• 16th president of the United States
• Delivered the Gettysburg Address

Abraham Lincoln freed the slaves (Emancipation Proclamation), saved the Union, led the country during the Civil War, was the 16th president, and delivered the Gettysburg Address. Any one of these is acceptable.

95. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?

• Freed the slaves
• Freed slaves in the Confederacy
• Freed slaves in the Confederate states
• Freed slaves in most Southern states

The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in the Confederacy. It changed the Civil War into a fight directly connected to ending slavery and allowed Black men to serve in the Union Army.

96. What U.S. war ended slavery?

• The Civil War

The Civil War ended slavery in the United States. The war was followed by the 13th Amendment, which abolished slavery throughout the country.

97. What amendment says all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are U.S. citizens?

• 14th Amendment

The 14th Amendment says that all persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to its jurisdiction, are U.S. citizens. It was adopted after the Civil War and is central to citizenship and equal protection.

98. When did all men get the right to vote?

• After the Civil War
• During Reconstruction
• (With the) 15th Amendment
• 1870

All men got the right to vote with the 15th Amendment. The amendment was ratified during Reconstruction after the Civil War and prohibited denying the vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

99. Name one leader of the women’s rights movement in the 1800s.

• Susan B. Anthony
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• Sojourner Truth
• Harriet Tubman
• Lucretia Mott
• Lucy Stone

Leaders of the 1800s women's rights movement include Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, Lucretia Mott, and Lucy Stone. Name one.

100. Name one war fought by the United States in the 1900s.

• World War I
• World War II
• Korean War
• Vietnam War
• (Persian) Gulf War

The United States fought five wars in the 1900s: World War I, World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the (Persian) Gulf War. Name one.

101. Why did the United States enter World War I?

• Because Germany attacked U.S. (civilian) ships
• To support the Allied Powers (England, France, Italy, and Russia)
• To oppose the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria)

The United States entered World War I because Germany attacked U.S. civilian ships, to support the Allied Powers, and to oppose the Central Powers. Any one of those reasons is acceptable.

102. When did all women get the right to vote?

• 1920
• After World War I
• (With the) 19th Amendment

All women got the right to vote with the 19th Amendment.

103. What was the Great Depression?

• Longest economic recession in modern history

The Great Depression was the longest economic recession in modern history. It began after the 1929 stock market crash and caused widespread unemployment, bank failures, and economic hardship.

104. When did the Great Depression start?

• The Great Crash (1929)
• Stock market crash of 1929

The Great Depression started with the Great Crash of 1929.

105. Who was president during the Great Depression and World War II?

• (Franklin) Roosevelt

Franklin Roosevelt was president during the Great Depression and most of World War II. His administration created New Deal programs during the Depression and led the country after the United States entered World War II.

106. Why did the United States enter World War II?

• (Bombing of) Pearl Harbor
• Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor
• To support the Allied Powers (England, France, and Russia)
• To oppose the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan)

The United States entered World War II after Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, to support the Allied Powers and oppose the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan).

107. Dwight Eisenhower is famous for many things. Name one.

• General during World War II
• President at the end of (during) the Korean War
• 34th president of the United States
• Signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 (Created the Interstate System)

Dwight Eisenhower was a general during World War II, president at the end of the Korean War, the 34th president, and the signer of the Federal-Aid Highway Act that created the Interstate System. Name one.

108. Who was the United States’ main rival during the Cold War?

• Soviet Union
• USSR
• Russia

The Soviet Union was the United States’ main rival during the Cold War. The rivalry involved political, military, economic, and ideological competition between the two superpowers.

109. During the Cold War, what was one main concern of the United States?

• Communism
• Nuclear war

During the Cold War, one main concern of the United States was communism. U.S. foreign policy often focused on containing communist influence and competing with the Soviet Union.

110. Why did the United States enter the Korean War?

• To stop the spread of communism

The United States entered the Korean War to stop the spread of communism. This reflected the Cold War policy of containment after communist North Korea invaded South Korea.

111. Why did the United States enter the Vietnam War?

• To stop the spread of communism

The United States entered the Vietnam War to stop the spread of communism. This was part of the Cold War policy of containment, which aimed to limit communist expansion.

112. What did the civil rights movement do?

• Fought to end racial discrimination

The civil rights movement fought to end racial discrimination. It worked to secure equal rights, voting rights, and equal treatment under the law, especially for African Americans.

113. Martin Luther King, Jr. is famous for many things. Name one.*

• Fought for civil rights
• Worked for equality for all Americans
• Worked to ensure that people would “not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character”

Martin Luther King, Jr. fought for civil rights and worked for equality for all Americans. Any answer on the official list is acceptable.

114. Why did the United States enter the Persian Gulf War?

• To force the Iraqi military from Kuwait

The United States entered the Persian Gulf War to force the Iraqi military from Kuwait. Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, and a U.S.-led coalition acted to remove Iraqi forces.

115. What major event happened on September 11, 2001 in the United States?*

• Terrorists attacked the United States
• Terrorists took over two planes and crashed them into the World Trade Center in New York City
• Terrorists took over a plane and crashed into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia
• Terrorists took over a plane originally aimed at Washington, D.C., and crashed in a field in Pennsylvania

On September 11, 2001, terrorists attacked the United States. They crashed planes into the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon, and a fourth plane crashed in a field in Pennsylvania.

116. Name one U.S. military conflict after the September 11, 2001 attacks.

• (Global) War on Terror
• War in Afghanistan
• War in Iraq

U.S. military conflicts after the September 11, 2001 attacks include the (Global) War on Terror, the War in Afghanistan, and the War in Iraq. Name one.

117. Name one American Indian tribe in the United States.

• Apache
• Blackfeet
• Cayuga
• Cherokee
• Cheyenne
• Chippewa
• Choctaw
• Creek
• Crow
• Hopi
• Huron
• Inupiat
• Lakota
• Mohawk
• Mohegan
• Navajo
• Oneida
• Onondaga
• Pueblo
• Seminole
• Seneca
• Shawnee
• Sioux
• Teton
• Tuscarora

For a complete list of tribes, please visit bia.gov.

There are many federally recognized tribes, and the officer accepts any tribe on the official list, such as Cherokee, Navajo, Sioux, or Apache. A complete list is available at bia.gov.

118. Name one example of an American innovation.

• Light bulb
• Automobile (cars, internal combustion engine)
• Skyscrapers
• Airplane
• Assembly line
• Landing on the moon
• Integrated circuit (IC)

American innovations on the official list include the light bulb, the automobile, skyscrapers, the airplane, the assembly line, landing on the moon, and the integrated circuit. Name one.

119. What is the capital of the United States?

• Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. is the capital of the United States. It is the seat of the federal government and includes the White House, the Capitol, and the Supreme Court.

120. Where is the Statue of Liberty?

• New York (Harbor)
• Liberty Island [Also acceptable are New Jersey, near New York City, and on the Hudson (River).]

The Statue of Liberty is in New York Harbor.

121. Why does the flag have 13 stripes?*

• (Because there were) 13 original colonies
• (Because the stripes) represent the original colonies

The flag has 13 stripes because there were 13 original colonies. The stripes represent the colonies that declared independence from Britain and became the first states.

122. Why does the flag have 50 stars?

• (Because there is) one star for each state
• (Because) each star represents a state
• (Because there are) 50 states

The flag has 50 stars because there is one star for each state.

123. What is the name of the national anthem?

• The Star-Spangled Banner

The national anthem is The Star-Spangled Banner. The song is associated with the War of 1812 and became the official national anthem of the United States in 1931.

124. The Nation’s first motto was “E Pluribus Unum.” What does that mean?

• Out of many, one
• We all become one

“E Pluribus Unum” means “Out of many, one.” It expresses the idea that many states and people form one nation.

125. What is Independence Day?

• A holiday to celebrate U.S. independence (from Britain)
• The country’s birthday

Independence Day is a holiday to celebrate U.S. independence from Britain. It is observed on July 4, the date the Declaration of Independence was adopted in 1776.

126. Name three national U.S. holidays.*

• New Year’s Day
• Martin Luther King, Jr. Day
• Presidents Day (Washington’s Birthday)
• Memorial Day
• Juneteenth
• Independence Day
• Labor Day
• Columbus Day
• Veterans Day
• Thanksgiving Day
• Christmas Day

Independence Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day are three national U.S. holidays.

127. What is Memorial Day?

• A holiday to honor soldiers who died in military service

Memorial Day is a holiday to honor soldiers who died in military service. It is a day of remembrance for people who died while serving in the U.S. armed forces.

128. What is Veterans Day?

• A holiday to honor people in the (U.S.) military
• A holiday to honor people who have served (in the U.S. military)

Veterans Day is a holiday to honor people who have served in the U.S. military. Unlike Memorial Day, which honors those who died in military service, Veterans Day honors military veterans more broadly.